Suberamanian), the Associate Professor in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Malaya has authored more than 100 research papers and more than 60 books in English, Malay and Tamil, His research papers were publIshed in ISI and SCORPUS indexed journals, popular academic journals and as chapters in books. Kumaran (Kumaran Suberamanian, Kumaran, S, Suberamanian Kumaran, K. Finally, I propose a set ofpolicy approachescovering student assessment, instructional tools, school organisation,and the teaching professionthat could work within these systemic constraints to cultivatethe Four Cs among Malaysian students. I identify three systemic patterns that hinder skills cultivation in Malaysian schools:a preoccupation with public exam results, an excess of paperwork-heavy directives thatconsume teachers working hours, and an atmosphere of cynicism and blame amongeducation stakeholders, compounded by frequent policy change. I examine why these skills are vital for the future well-being of the countryand of individual students and how such skills are cultivated in school systems elsewhere.Next, I evaluate the current state of skills cultivation in Malaysian schools, using (a) TIMSSand PISA microdata and (b) policy documents, news reports, and social media posts onrecent skills-related policies (PBS, PT3, HOTS questions in exams, and i-THINK mindmaps).
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